The same thing is true of a digital file. “Try putting that back together and see what happens. Everything fits just right down to the tape,” says Farid. “Imagine you go out and you buy your brand new iPhone and even the packaging is beautiful. This causes artifacts, or changes in the data introduced over time-especially when you save it more than once. JPEG is a “lossy” format, which means it jettisons some information from the original file to save space and make it readable by a wider array of machines. Researchers also often look for patterns in artifacts left from JPEG image compression. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications It was part of a study to determine how well people can recognize faked photos. Examine the shadows The image has been edited to flip the man’s face, which creates a clear contradiction in the direction of the shadows. Many photographs go through Photoshop or some other editing program for simple adjustments like color correction, or even just resizing. He warns, however, that this tag doesn’t necessarily indicate that a photo is trying to trick you. “If an image is opened up in Photoshop and then saved, the metadata will then say “Photoshop” and then whatever version they used,” says Farid.
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If the final version is smaller, that indicates that the photo may have been cropped to exclude information.Īlso in the EXIF data is a software tag. This may not sound very useful, but you can easily look up the typical image dimensions of a photo from a particular camera and then compare them to the file you’re currently viewing. You can also sometimes find the original pixel dimensions of the image. Google includes this function as part of its Images suite and looks for the exact image, as well as images that are similar in both subject matter and color aesthetics. Stan Horaczekīefore you start trying to CSI an image too hard, you can often debunk a faked photo by finding its source using a reverse image search. Try reverse image searching A reverse image search in Google looks for images that are exact matches, as well as those that are thematically similar. Hany Farid is a professor of computer science at Dartmouth College who specializes in photo forensics, and while he can’t share all of his fancy software tools for detecting editing trickery, he has shared a few tips for authenticating images on your own. It turns out humans aren’t very good at recognizing when an image has been manipulated, even if the change is fairly substantial.
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Some have gotten basic color corrections or simple Instagram filter effects, while others have received full on Photoshop jobs to completely transform the subject. We see hundreds or even thousands of images a day, and almost all of them have been digitally manipulated in some way. If only all Photoshop jobs were this obvious, recognizing faked photos would be a lot easier.
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